![]() ![]() Stabilizing selection (left column) acts against the phenotypes at both extremes of the distribution, favoring the intermediate phenotype multiplication. The downward arrows, which point to those phenotypes against that selection act, which is a stabilizing selection example. Three types of natural selection representing the effects of each on the distribution of phenotypes within the population. The below figure shows the types of natural selection or the natural selection and its types. For example, newborn infant mortality is highest when they are either very large or very small babies of moderate size have a higher chance of survival. Individuals with moderate phenotypic values have a better chance of reproducing and surviving. The distribution and range of phenotypes then remain nearly similar from one generation to the other. When individuals with the intermediate phenotype are favored, and extreme phenotypes are selected against, the selection is called stabilizing. Phenotypic traits' distribution scales such as weight, height, number of progeny, or longevity typically exhibit a greater number of individuals with intermediate values and fewer toward the extremes-this is called the normal distribution. Natural selection may be studied by analyzing its effects on the changing gene frequencies, but it may also be explored by examining the effects on observable characteristics - or phenotypes - of the individuals in a population. Scientific evolution by natural selection was first demonstrated by the observation that often, more offspring are produced than may possibly survive. The scientific evolution theory by natural selection was independently conceived by Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Darwin in the mid - 19th century, and it was set out in detail in Darwin's book On the Origin of Species. ![]()
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